AI in Disaster Forecasting: Real-Time Satellite Image Interpretation

Authors

  • Meghna Varma Independent Researcher Himayatnagar, Hyderabad, India (IN) – 500029 Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.63345/

Keywords:

Disaster Forecasting, Real-Time Satellite Imagery, Deep Learning, Remote Sensing, Climate Resilience

Abstract

Natural disasters represent some of the most complex challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Increasingly, climate change has amplified the severity and unpredictability of events such as floods, hurricanes, wildfires, droughts, and earthquakes. These hazards inflict profound human suffering, economic damage, and long-term ecological imbalances. Conventional disaster forecasting, while useful in limited contexts, is constrained by factors such as data latency, computational bottlenecks, and the inability to adapt to non-linear, rapidly evolving conditions. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233032683/figure/fig4/AS:300384678629386@1448628696628/Flow-chart-of-the-flood-control-decision-making-process.png

https://www.mdpi.com/information/information-12-00094/article_deploy/html/images/information-12-00094-g001.png

• Aghaei, M., Ghaffarian, S., & Hasanlou, M. (2021). Flood detection in Sentinel-1 SAR imagery using deep learning semantic segmentation models. Journal of Environmental Management, 287(2), 112–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112145

• Bhatia, U., Kumar, D., & Kaur, H. (2020). Machine learning applications in flood forecasting and early warning systems: A review. Natural Hazards, 104(3), 1883–1908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-04219-8

• Chaturvedi, A., & Sharma, R. (2019). Role of AI in climate and disaster resilience. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 10(4), 544–555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-019-00236-9

• Chen, X., Li, S., & Li, Z. (2020). Convolutional neural networks for flood detection in high-resolution satellite images. Remote Sensing, 12(16), 2548. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12162548

• Cutter, S. L., Ash, K. D., & Emrich, C. T. (2016). Urban–rural differences in disaster resilience. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106(6), 1236–1252. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694452.2016.1194740

• Dong, L., & Shan, J. (2018). A comprehensive review of earthquake-induced building damage detection with remote sensing techniques. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 146, 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2018.08.007

• Fan, J., Wang, Y., & Huang, J. (2022). AI-driven wildfire detection using satellite data and deep learning. Environmental Research Letters, 17(4), 044031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5b7f

• Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. (2016). Deep learning. MIT Press.

• Guo, H., Liu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2019). Deep learning for visual understanding of remote sensing data: A review. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 57(9), 6802–6825. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2019.2907931

• Hossain, M. S., & Chen, D. (2019). Flood hazard assessment and forecasting using machine learning: A review. Sustainability, 11(7), 1996. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071996

• Jain, S., & Kumar, P. (2020). Applications of artificial intelligence for disaster management. Natural Hazards, 102(1), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-020-03962-0

• Joy, J., & Balasubramanian, R. (2021). Real-time cyclone tracking with recurrent neural networks. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 42(5), 1762–1780. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2020.1859472

• Li, Y., Zhang, Y., & Wu, Q. (2021). Deep generative adversarial networks for simulating disaster scenarios. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 21(12), 3651–3664. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3651-2021

• Lu, P., & Xu, Y. (2018). Integration of AI and GIS for disaster management. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 72, 70–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2018.01.006

• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). (2020). Earth observation for disaster risk reduction. NASA Earth Science Division. Retrieved from https://earthdata.nasa.gov

• Panwar, N., & Singh, R. (2022). The role of explainable AI in climate disaster forecasting. Progress in Disaster Science, 14, 100216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2022.100216

• Rahman, M. M., & Chen, W. (2020). A review of landslide susceptibility mapping using machine learning. Earth-Science Reviews, 201, 102949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102949

• Sharma, P., & Gupta, D. (2021). Cloud-AI pipelines for satellite-based disaster monitoring. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 23, 100596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100596

• United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR). (2015). Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030. Geneva: UNDRR.

• Zhang, Z., & Liu, S. (2019). Deep learning-based early warning systems for natural disasters. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 66, 463–498. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11809

Downloads

Published

02-09-2025

Issue

Section

Review Article

How to Cite

AI in Disaster Forecasting: Real-Time Satellite Image Interpretation. (2025). Scientific Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technologies, 2(3), Sept(45-53). https://doi.org/10.63345/

Similar Articles

1-10 of 35

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.